DokuWiki

It's better when it's simple

User Tools

Site Tools


wiki:bounties

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revisionPrevious revision
wiki:bounties [2016-01-15 14:17] – created 119.136.63.86wiki:bounties [2016-01-15 14:50] (current) – removed Aleksandr
Line 1: Line 1:
-<html xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><meta http-equiv=Content-Type  content="text/html; charset=gb2312" ><title></title><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml><w:WordDocument><w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel><w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery><w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery><w:DocumentKind>DocumentNotSpecified</w:DocumentKind><w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing>7.8 磅</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing><w:View>Web</w:View><w:Compatibility><w:DontGrowAutofit/><w:BalanceSingleByteDoubleByteWidth/><w:DoNotExpandShiftReturn/><w:UseFELayout/></w:Compatibility><w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom></w:WordDocument></xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml><w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false"  DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"  DefSemiHidden="true"  DefQFormat="false"  DefPriority="99"  LatentStyleCount="260" > 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  QFormat="true"  Name="Normal" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  QFormat="true"  Name="heading 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  QFormat="true"  Name="heading 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  QFormat="true"  Name="heading 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  QFormat="true"  Name="heading 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  QFormat="true"  Name="heading 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  QFormat="true"  Name="heading 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  QFormat="true"  Name="heading 7" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  QFormat="true"  Name="heading 8" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  QFormat="true"  Name="heading 9" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="index 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="index 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="index 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="index 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="index 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="index 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="index 7" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="index 8" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="index 9" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="toc 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="toc 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="toc 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="toc 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="toc 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="toc 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="toc 7" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="toc 8" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="toc 9" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Normal Indent" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="footnote text" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="annotation text" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="header" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="footer" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="index heading" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  QFormat="true"  Name="caption" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="table of figures" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="envelope address" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="envelope return" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="footnote reference" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="annotation reference" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="line number" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="page number" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="endnote reference" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="endnote text" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="table of authorities" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="macro" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="toa heading" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List Bullet" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List Number" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List Bullet 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List Bullet 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List Bullet 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List Bullet 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List Number 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List Number 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List Number 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List Number 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  QFormat="true"  Name="Title" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Closing" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Signature" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Default Paragraph Font" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Body Text" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Body Text Indent" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List Continue" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List Continue 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List Continue 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List Continue 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="List Continue 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Message Header" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  QFormat="true"  Name="Subtitle" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Salutation" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Date" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Body Text First Indent" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Body Text First Indent 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Note Heading" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Body Text 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Body Text 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Body Text Indent 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Body Text Indent 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Block Text" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Hyperlink" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="FollowedHyperlink" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  QFormat="true"  Name="Strong" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  QFormat="true"  Name="Emphasis" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Document Map" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Plain Text" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="E-mail Signature" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  QFormat="true"  Name="Normal (Web)" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="HTML Acronym" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="HTML Address" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="HTML Cite" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="HTML Code" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="HTML Definition" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="HTML Keyboard" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="HTML Preformatted" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="HTML Sample" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="HTML Typewriter" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="HTML Variable" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  QFormat="true"  Name="Normal Table" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="annotation subject" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="99"  SemiHidden="false"  Name="No List" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Simple 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Simple 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Simple 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Classic 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Classic 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Classic 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Classic 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Colorful 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Colorful 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Colorful 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Columns 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Columns 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Columns 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Columns 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Columns 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Grid 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Grid 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Grid 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Grid 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Grid 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Grid 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Grid 7" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Grid 8" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table List 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table List 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table List 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table List 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table List 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table List 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table List 7" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table List 8" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table 3D effects 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table 3D effects 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table 3D effects 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Contemporary" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Elegant" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Professional" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Subtle 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Subtle 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Web 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Web 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Web 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Balloon Text" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Grid" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="0"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Table Theme" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="60"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light Shading" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="61"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light List" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="62"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light Grid" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="63"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Shading 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="64"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Shading 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="65"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium List 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="66"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium List 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="67"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="68"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="69"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="70"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Dark List" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="71"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful Shading" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="72"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful List" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="73"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful Grid" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="60"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light Shading Accent 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="61"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light List Accent 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="62"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light Grid Accent 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="63"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="64"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="65"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="66"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="67"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="68"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="69"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="70"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Dark List Accent 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="71"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="72"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful List Accent 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="73"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="60"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light Shading Accent 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="61"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light List Accent 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="62"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light Grid Accent 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="63"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="64"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="65"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="66"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="67"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="68"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="69"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="70"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Dark List Accent 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="71"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="72"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful List Accent 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="73"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="60"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light Shading Accent 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="61"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light List Accent 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="62"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light Grid Accent 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="63"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="64"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="65"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="66"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="67"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="68"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="69"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="70"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Dark List Accent 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="71"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="72"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful List Accent 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="73"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="60"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light Shading Accent 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="61"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light List Accent 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="62"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light Grid Accent 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="63"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="64"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="65"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="66"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="67"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="68"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="69"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="70"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Dark List Accent 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="71"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="72"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful List Accent 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="73"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="60"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light Shading Accent 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="61"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light List Accent 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="62"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light Grid Accent 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="63"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="64"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="65"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="66"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="67"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="68"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="69"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="70"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Dark List Accent 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="71"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="72"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful List Accent 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="73"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="60"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light Shading Accent 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="61"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light List Accent 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="62"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Light Grid Accent 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="63"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="64"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="65"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="66"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="67"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="68"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="69"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="70"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Dark List Accent 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="71"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="72"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful List Accent 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-<w:LsdException Locked="false"  Priority="73"  SemiHidden="false"  UnhideWhenUsed="false"  Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6" ></w:LsdException> 
-</w:LatentStyles></xml><![endif]--><style> 
-@font-face{ 
-font-family:"Times New Roman"; 
-} 
  
-@font-face{ 
-font-family:"宋体"; 
-} 
- 
-@font-face{ 
-font-family:"Wingdings"; 
-} 
- 
-@font-face{ 
-font-family:"Calibri"; 
-} 
- 
-@font-face{ 
-font-family:"微软雅黑"; 
-} 
- 
-@list l0:level1{ 
-mso-level-number-format:decimal; 
-mso-level-suffix:tab; 
-mso-level-text:"%1."; 
-mso-level-tab-stop:39.0000pt; 
-mso-level-number-position:left; 
-margin-left:39.0000pt;text-indent:-18.0000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';} 
- 
-@list l1:level1{ 
-mso-level-number-format:bullet; 
-mso-level-suffix:tab; 
-mso-level-text:\F06C; 
-mso-level-tab-stop:81.0000pt; 
-mso-level-number-position:left; 
-margin-left:81.0000pt;text-indent:-18.0000pt;font-family:Wingdings;} 
- 
-@list l2:level1{ 
-mso-level-number-format:decimal; 
-mso-level-suffix:tab; 
-mso-level-text:"%1."; 
-mso-level-tab-stop:18.0000pt; 
-mso-level-number-position:left; 
-margin-left:18.0000pt;text-indent:-18.0000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';} 
- 
-@list l3:level1{ 
-mso-level-number-format:bullet; 
-mso-level-suffix:tab; 
-mso-level-text:\F06C; 
-mso-level-tab-stop:18.0000pt; 
-mso-level-number-position:left; 
-margin-left:18.0000pt;text-indent:-18.0000pt;font-family:Wingdings;} 
- 
-@list l4:level1{ 
-mso-level-number-format:bullet; 
-mso-level-suffix:tab; 
-mso-level-text:\F06C; 
-mso-level-tab-stop:60.0000pt; 
-mso-level-number-position:left; 
-margin-left:60.0000pt;text-indent:-18.0000pt;font-family:Wingdings;} 
- 
-@list l5:level1{ 
-mso-level-number-format:decimal; 
-mso-level-suffix:tab; 
-mso-level-text:"%1."; 
-mso-level-tab-stop:60.0000pt; 
-mso-level-number-position:left; 
-margin-left:60.0000pt;text-indent:-18.0000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';} 
- 
-@list l6:level1{ 
-mso-level-number-format:bullet; 
-mso-level-suffix:tab; 
-mso-level-text:\F06C; 
-mso-level-tab-stop:39.0000pt; 
-mso-level-number-position:left; 
-margin-left:39.0000pt;text-indent:-18.0000pt;font-family:Wingdings;} 
- 
-@list l7:level1{ 
-mso-level-number-format:bullet; 
-mso-level-suffix:tab; 
-mso-level-text:\F06C; 
-mso-level-tab-stop:102.0000pt; 
-mso-level-number-position:left; 
-margin-left:102.0000pt;text-indent:-18.0000pt;font-family:Wingdings;} 
- 
-@list l8:level1{ 
-mso-level-number-format:decimal; 
-mso-level-suffix:tab; 
-mso-level-text:"%1."; 
-mso-level-tab-stop:81.0000pt; 
-mso-level-number-position:left; 
-margin-left:81.0000pt;text-indent:-18.0000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';} 
- 
-@list l9:level1{ 
-mso-level-number-format:decimal; 
-mso-level-suffix:tab; 
-mso-level-text:"%1."; 
-mso-level-tab-stop:102.0000pt; 
-mso-level-number-position:left; 
-margin-left:102.0000pt;text-indent:-18.0000pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';} 
- 
-p.MsoNormal{ 
-mso-style-name:正文; 
-mso-style-parent:""; 
-margin:0pt; 
-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 
-mso-pagination:none; 
-text-align:justify; 
-text-justify:inter-ideograph; 
-font-family:Calibri; 
-mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; 
-mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman'; 
-font-size:10.5000pt; 
-mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt; 
-} 
- 
-span.10{ 
-font-family:'Times New Roman'; 
-} 
- 
-p.p{ 
-mso-style-name:"普通\(网站\)"; 
-margin-top:5.0000pt; 
-margin-right:0.0000pt; 
-margin-bottom:5.0000pt; 
-margin-left:0.0000pt; 
-mso-margin-top-alt:auto; 
-mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; 
-mso-pagination:none; 
-text-align:left; 
-font-family:Calibri; 
-mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; 
-mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman'; 
-font-size:12.0000pt; 
-} 
- 
-span.msoIns{ 
-mso-style-type:export-only; 
-mso-style-name:""; 
-text-decoration:underline; 
-text-underline:single; 
-color:blue; 
-} 
- 
-span.msoDel{ 
-mso-style-type:export-only; 
-mso-style-name:""; 
-text-decoration:line-through; 
-color:red; 
-} 
- 
-table.MsoNormalTable{ 
-mso-style-name:普通表格; 
-mso-style-parent:""; 
-mso-style-noshow:yes; 
-mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 
-mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 
-mso-padding-alt:0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; 
-mso-para-margin:0pt; 
-mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 
-mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 
-font-family:'Times New Roman'; 
-font-size:10.0000pt; 
-mso-ansi-language:#0400; 
-mso-fareast-language:#0400; 
-mso-bidi-language:#0400; 
-} 
-@page{mso-page-border-surround-header:no; 
- mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;}@page Section0{ 
-margin-top:72.0000pt; 
-margin-bottom:72.0000pt; 
-margin-left:90.0000pt; 
-margin-right:90.0000pt; 
-size:595.3000pt 841.9000pt; 
-layout-grid:15.6000pt; 
-} 
-div.Section0{page:Section0;}</style></head><body style="tab-interval:21pt; text-justify-trim:punctuation; " ><!--StartFragment--><div class="Section0"  style="layout-grid:15.6000pt; " ><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >一:top&nbsp;命令</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >以图表的方式显示进程信息,及系统资源的使用状况</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >top&nbsp;-d&nbsp;1&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;---&nbsp;1秒刷新一次&nbsp;(默认是3秒)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >top&nbsp;-n&nbsp;10&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;---&nbsp;刷新10次就退出</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >top&nbsp;-b&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;---&nbsp;一批处理的方式运行,适合把输出重定向(管道,或者文件)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >top&nbsp;-b&nbsp;-d&nbsp;0.5&nbsp;|&nbsp;grep&nbsp;-E&nbsp;'root.*&nbsp;dd'&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;---&nbsp;持续监视某个进程的信息变化</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >备注:进入top后,输入&nbsp;h&nbsp;可以看到关于top的快捷键的使用说明</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >其他查询系统资源的使用状况的工具</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >free&nbsp;-m</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >iostat&nbsp;1&nbsp;100&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;每秒刷新一次,输出100次</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >vmstat&nbsp;1&nbsp;100&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;每秒刷新一次,输出100次</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >二:查询进程信息</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >ps&nbsp;aux&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;---&nbsp;列出所有进程</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >ps&nbsp;aux&nbsp;|&nbsp;grep&nbsp;bash&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;---&nbsp;根据进程名字查找某个进程</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >ps&nbsp;-eo&nbsp;user,group,pid,ppid,nice,command&nbsp;&#60;---&nbsp;列出用户名,组名,进程id,父进程id,优先级,进程名</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >如何查找进程信息中的状态代码的意义?&nbsp;man&nbsp;ps,&nbsp;搜索'PROCESS&nbsp;STATE&nbsp;CODES'</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >三:进程的优先级控制</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >进程优先级的范围是-20&nbsp;至&nbsp;19,数值越小,优先级越大</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >普通用户可以指定0-19这个范围之内的优先级来运行程序,如果是调整运行中的程序的话,只能把数值调大,不能调小。小于零的优先级只有root权限才能使用。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >nice&nbsp;-n&nbsp;19&nbsp;gedit&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;以指定优先级(19)运行程序gedit</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >renice&nbsp;-n&nbsp;19&nbsp;1234&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;把id为1234的进程的优先级调为19</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >renice&nbsp;-n&nbsp;-20&nbsp;1234&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;把id为1234的进程的优先级调为-20</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >优先级对进程的执行有什么影响?</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >优先级高的进程可以获得更多的系统资源,这个在系统处于高负荷的状态时比较明显。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >假设CPU有2个核心,可以用以下方法来测试优先级对程序执行的影响:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >1.&nbsp;nice&nbsp;-n&nbsp;0&nbsp;cat&nbsp;/dev/urandom&nbsp;&#62;&nbsp;/dev/null&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;用零优先级运行,占用第一个核心的时间</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >2.&nbsp;nice&nbsp;-n&nbsp;0&nbsp;cat&nbsp;/dev/urandom&nbsp;&#62;&nbsp;/dev/null&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;用零优先级运行,占用第二个核心的时间</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >3.&nbsp;time&nbsp;nice&nbsp;-n&nbsp;19&nbsp;head&nbsp;-c&nbsp;1m&nbsp;/dev/urandom&nbsp;&#62;&nbsp;/dev/null&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;用最低优先级运行</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >4.&nbsp;time&nbsp;nice&nbsp;-n&nbsp;-20&nbsp;head&nbsp;-c&nbsp;1m&nbsp;/dev/urandom&nbsp;&#62;&nbsp;/dev/null&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;用最高优先级运行</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >四:结束进程</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >kill&nbsp;-9&nbsp;1234&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;---&nbsp;杀死进程号为1234的进程</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >pkill&nbsp;-9&nbsp;bash&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;---&nbsp;杀死名字包含字符串'bash'的进程</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >pkill&nbsp;-9&nbsp;-x&nbsp;bash&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;---&nbsp;杀死名字为bash的进程</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >pkill&nbsp;-9&nbsp;-u&nbsp;u1&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;---&nbsp;杀死属于用户u1的所有进程</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >常用的网络管理命令及常见的客户端工具</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >arp&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;管理网卡物理地址和IP地址的对应关系</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >ping&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;测试网络的连通性</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >nmap&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;端口扫描工具</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >traceroute&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;路由追踪工具</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >lftp&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;ftp&nbsp;客户端</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >elinks&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;命令行的网页浏览器</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >wget&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;命令行的下载工具&nbsp;(-c,&nbsp;继续未完成的任务)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >nslookup&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;查询域名</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >dig&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;查询域名</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >五:cat&nbsp;命令</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >concatinate,把文件的内容按顺序连接起来,输出到标?输出。目前,只需要简单理解成显示文件的内容即可。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;cat&nbsp;f1&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;显示文件&nbsp;f1&nbsp;的内容到屏幕上</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;cat&nbsp;-n&nbsp;f1&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;显示文件的内容,并且加上行号</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;cat&nbsp;-A&nbsp;f1&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;打印出一些不可见的字符和位置标记</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >六:head命令</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >读取文件的头部</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;head&nbsp;-n&nbsp;3&nbsp;/etc/passwd&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;读取文件/etc/passwd&nbsp;的前面三行</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;head&nbsp;-c&nbsp;3&nbsp;/etc/passwd&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;读取文件/etc/passwd&nbsp;的前面三个字节</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;head&nbsp;-c&nbsp;10m&nbsp;/dev/zero&nbsp;&#62;&nbsp;f1&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;创建一个10M的文件</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >七:tail命令</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >读取文件的尾部</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;tail&nbsp;-n&nbsp;3&nbsp;/etc/passwd&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;读取文件/etc/passwd&nbsp;的后面三行</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;tail&nbsp;-c&nbsp;3&nbsp;/etc/passwd&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;读取文件/etc/passwd&nbsp;的后面三个字节</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;tail&nbsp;-n&nbsp;+28&nbsp;/etc/passwd&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;读取文件中从第28行开始直到结尾的所有行</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;tail&nbsp;-f&nbsp;/etc/passwd&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;跟踪文件尾部内容的变化,常用来观察日志文件的变化,非常实用</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >八:less</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >less命令用来分屏显示内容,常用的命令按键如下</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;f&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;向下翻一屏</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;b&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;向上翻一屏</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;j&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;向下移动一行</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;k&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;向上移动一行</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;g&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;回到文档头部</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;G&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;去到文档尾部</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;/&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;搜索,在&nbsp;/&nbsp;后面紧跟需要搜索的字符串,按Enter开始搜索</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;q&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;退出</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;h&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;显示命令的帮助信息</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >九:netstat,&#160;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;参照/etc/services来查看相应端口的用途</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >netstat&nbsp;-tupn</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >netstat&nbsp;-tulpn</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >netstat&nbsp;-tuapn</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >十:如何查看系统是否启用了rsync服务</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >grep&nbsp;-w&nbsp;^rsync&nbsp;/etc/services&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;查看rsync使用的端口(找到了873端口)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >netstat&nbsp;-tulpn&nbsp;|&nbsp;grep&nbsp;873</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >也可以用以下命令查询,但不推荐,因为如果不加-n&nbsp;参数,除了把端口号转换成服务名之外,也会尝试把IP&nbsp;转换成主机名,会造成长时间等待</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >netstat&nbsp;-tulp&nbsp;|&nbsp;grep&nbsp;rsync</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >备注:上不了网?怎么办?</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >上不了网的原因很多,可参考以下步骤来排查:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >1.&nbsp;确定本机的IP已经设置好,用命令ifconfig&nbsp;来查看,并ping本机IP</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >2.&nbsp;查看路由表,是否有到达远程节点的路由条目,并且确定能成功ping通路由的下一跳</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >3.&nbsp;用mii-tool查看网线是否已经接好</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >4.&nbsp;确定防火墙是否阻挡了本次通信,包括出站连接和入站连接</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >5.&nbsp;用traceroute&nbsp;来查看数据包的发送状况</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >十一:常用的rpm命令</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;rpm&nbsp;-qa&nbsp;|&nbsp;grep&nbsp;coreutils&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;查看系统上是否已经安装了coreutils</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;rpm&nbsp;-qi&nbsp;coreutils&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;查看已经安装的好的coreutils的描述信息</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;rpm&nbsp;-ivh&nbsp;package.rpm&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;安装一个rpm包</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;rpm&nbsp;-e&nbsp;package_name&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;删除一个rpm包</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;rpm&nbsp;-qpi&nbsp;package.rpm&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;查看rpm文件的描述信息</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;rpm&nbsp;-qf&nbsp;/bin/bash&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;查看bash文件属于哪个包</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;rpm&nbsp;-ql&nbsp;bash&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;列出包bash中的所有文件</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;rpm&nbsp;-qc&nbsp;bash&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;列出包bash中的配置文件</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;rpm&nbsp;-qd&nbsp;bash&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;列出包bash中的文档</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;rpm&nbsp;--checksig&nbsp;package.rpm&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;检查rpm文件的签名</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;rpm&nbsp;--import&nbsp;key_file&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;导入公钥用于检查rpm文件的签名</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;rpm&nbsp;-qa&nbsp;|&nbsp;grep&nbsp;pubkey&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;列出rpm导入的所有公钥</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >备注:假设光盘挂载在/mnt上面,用命令find&nbsp;/mnt&nbsp;-iname&nbsp;repodata&nbsp;查找有效的仓库信息,&nbsp;得到类似下面的输出</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >十二:disk&nbsp;用于管理磁盘的分区</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;编辑分区表是危险操作,操作不当的话会造成无法访问分区,使数据丢失(数据还在磁盘上,并没有真正丢失,但是想访问它很难),一个安全的做法是先备份分区表到别的</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >存储设备,然后再修改,这样就可以随时恢复原来的分区表</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;fdisk&nbsp;-l&nbsp;/dev/sda&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;列出块设备/dev/sda上面的分区表</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;fdisk&nbsp;/dev/sda&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;编辑/dev/sda&nbsp;上面的分区表</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >fdisk&nbsp;可以在一个块设备上创建分区表,不管这个快设备是不是一个磁盘。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;在实验中,我们可以利用linux系统提供的loop设备来练习fdisk的操作</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&#160;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&#160;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >十四:mount&nbsp;的常用挂载参数</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >remount&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;重新挂在一个已经挂载的文件系统,常用于修改挂载参数</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >ro&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;挂在成只读</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >rw&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;挂在成读写</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >sync&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;同步I/O</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >async&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;异步I/O</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >bind&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;目录绑定(映射)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >挂载参数的例子</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >mount&nbsp;-o&nbsp;remount,rw&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;把文件系统重新挂载为读写模式</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >mount&nbsp;-o&nbsp;remount,ro&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;把文件系统重新挂载为只读模式</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >mount&nbsp;-o&nbsp;ro&nbsp;/dev/xxx&nbsp;/mnt/xxx&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;以只读模式挂载文件系统</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >mount&nbsp;-o&nbsp;sync&nbsp;/dev/xxx&nbsp;/mnt/xxx&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;以同步I/O的模式挂载文件系统</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >mount&nbsp;-o&nbsp;bind&nbsp;/mnt/d1&nbsp;/mnt/d2&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;把目录/mnt/d1&nbsp;映射到&nbsp;/mnt/d2</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >挂载:&nbsp;mount&nbsp;-t&nbsp;&#60;type&#62;&nbsp;&#60;device&#62;&nbsp;&#60;mount&nbsp;point&#62;&#160;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >卸载:umount&nbsp;&#60;device&#62;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;umount&nbsp;&#60;mount&nbsp;point&#62;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >重新挂载一个已经挂载的文件系统,通常用于修改文件系统的挂载参数,比如把一个之前以只读参数挂载的文件系统改成可读可写</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >mount&nbsp;-o&nbsp;remount,rw&nbsp;/mount_point&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;以可读可写的参数重新挂载文件系统</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >十五:tar&nbsp;命令</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >tar&nbsp;-cf&nbsp;backup.tar&nbsp;dir1&nbsp;dir2&nbsp;file1&nbsp;file2</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >把几个目录和文件打包成一个文件backup.tar</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >tar&nbsp;-tf&nbsp;backup.tar</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >列出包文件backup.tar中的内容</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >tar&nbsp;-xf&nbsp;backup.tar</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >把包文件backup.tar中的所有内容解到当前目录</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >tar&nbsp;-xf&nbsp;backup.tar&nbsp;file1</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#60;--&nbsp;把包文件backup.tar中的file1解到当前目录</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >tar&nbsp;-C&nbsp;/tmp&nbsp;-xf&nbsp;backup.tar&nbsp;file1</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#60;--&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;把包文件backup.tar中的file1解到/tmp下面&nbsp;-C&nbsp;/tmp&nbsp;参数要写在-xf的前面</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >tar&nbsp;-cf&nbsp;-&nbsp;dir1&nbsp;dir2&nbsp;file1&nbsp;file2</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#60;--&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;把几个目录和文件打包,输出到标准输出</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >tar&nbsp;-xf&nbsp;-</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#60;--&nbsp;&nbsp;从标准输入读取包的内容,解压到当前目录</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >tar&nbsp;-cf&nbsp;backup.tar&nbsp;-T&nbsp;/tmp/file_list</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,255);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#60;--&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;从文件/tmp/file_list中读取源文件的路径,并把源文件打成一个包backup.tar</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,255);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >tar&nbsp;-cf&nbsp;backup.tar&nbsp;--null&nbsp;-T&nbsp;&#60;(find&nbsp;/etc&nbsp;-type&nbsp;f&nbsp;-print0)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#60;--同上,只是源文件路径的列表来自另外一个命令的输出&nbsp;&#60;(cmd&nbsp;arg1&nbsp;arg2&nbsp;...)&nbsp;这种形式叫做进程替换</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >十六:压缩工具gzip</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >gzip&nbsp;用于压缩和解压缩单个文件</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >gzip&nbsp;file&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;压缩一个文件,源文件将会被删除</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >gzip&nbsp;-d&nbsp;file.gz&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;解压一个文件,源文件将会被删除</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >gzip&nbsp;-1&nbsp;file&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;以最小的压缩率压缩文件,速度最快</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >gzip&nbsp;-9&nbsp;file&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;以最大的压缩率压缩文件,速度最慢</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >gzip&nbsp;-l&nbsp;file.gz&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;列出压缩文件的相关信息</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >tar&nbsp;cf&nbsp;-&nbsp;dir1&nbsp;file1&nbsp;|&nbsp;gzip&nbsp;-9&nbsp;&#62;&nbsp;backup.tgz&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;压缩来自标准输入的数据</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >cat&nbsp;backup.tgz&nbsp;|&nbsp;gunzip&nbsp;|&nbsp;tar&nbsp;-xf&nbsp;-&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;解压来自标准输入的数据,输出到标准输出</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >zcat&nbsp;backup.tgz&nbsp;|&nbsp;tar&nbsp;-xf&nbsp;-&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;zcat解压文件,输出到标准输出,与gunzip&nbsp;-c&nbsp;等效</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >十七:文件查找工具find</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >find&nbsp;可以按照各种条件查找文件,输出到标准输出,也可以直接对找到的文件做更进一步的操作</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >在find的众多搜索条件中,时间和权限相对比较难理解,下面通过例子来一一解释。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(255,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >find&nbsp;/etc&nbsp;-name&nbsp;"*stab"&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;查找/etc&nbsp;下名字中包含了stab的文件</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(255,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >find&nbsp;-mtime&nbsp;0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;&nbsp;查找当前目录下0天之前(24小时之内,即86400秒之内)修改过的文件</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >find&nbsp;-newermt&nbsp;"2013-07-14&nbsp;23:59:59"&nbsp;!&nbsp;-newermt&nbsp;"2013-07-15&nbsp;23:59:59"&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#60;--查找2013-07-15当天修改过的文件,这里结合两个条件使用,</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >另外还有两个关于时间的参数:newerat,&nbsp;newerct</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >find&nbsp;-size&nbsp;-10M&nbsp;-size&nbsp;+1M&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;查找尺寸大于1M小于10M的文件</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >find&nbsp;/opt&nbsp;-user&nbsp;czl&nbsp;-type&nbsp;l&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;查找/opt下属于用户czl的链接文件</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >find&nbsp;/opt&nbsp;-group&nbsp;g2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;查找/opt下属于组g2的文件</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >find&nbsp;/etc&nbsp;-type&nbsp;d&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;查找/etc下所有的目录</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >find&nbsp;-perm&nbsp;664&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;查找权限恰好是664的文件</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >find&nbsp;-perm&nbsp;-241&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;查找在三组权限中,每一组都含有相应权限的文件,也就是说所有者至少能写,属组至少能读,其他人至少能执行,以下都符合:241,&nbsp;641,&nbsp;665</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >find&nbsp;-perm&nbsp;/222</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >查找在三组权限中,任何一组含有相应权限的文件,也就是说,所有者,属组,其他人,只要有一组符合即可</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >find&nbsp;-perm&nbsp;/421</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >和上一条一样,只要所有者能读(可能同时还能写),或者属组能写(可能同时还有别的权限),或者其他人能执行(可能同时还能读能写)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >对上面三种权限表示法,可以这样理解记忆:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >find&nbsp;-perm&nbsp;4755</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >find&nbsp;-perm&nbsp;/4755</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >find&nbsp;-perm&nbsp;-4755</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >1.&nbsp;权限前面没有符号,需要完全匹配</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >2.&nbsp;权限前面有符号(-&nbsp;或者&nbsp;/),只需要包含即可</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;2.1&nbsp;前面是减号,代表每一组都要包含</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;-4755:&nbsp;&#160;4&nbsp;7&nbsp;5&nbsp;5</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;下面四条都要满足</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;第一组要有4&nbsp;(4,&nbsp;5,&nbsp;6,&nbsp;7)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;第二组要有7&nbsp;(7)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;第三组要有5&nbsp;(5,&nbsp;7)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;第四组要有5&nbsp;(5,&nbsp;7)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;2.2&nbsp;前面是斜杠,代表只要有一组包含即可</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;/4755:&nbsp;&#160;4&nbsp;7&nbsp;5&nbsp;5</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;下面四条只要满足一条即可</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;第一组要有4&nbsp;(4,&nbsp;5,&nbsp;6,&nbsp;7)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;第二组要有7&nbsp;(7)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;第三组要有5&nbsp;(5,&nbsp;7)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;第四组要有5&nbsp;(5,&nbsp;7)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >find&nbsp;/tmp&nbsp;-iname&nbsp;"*.tmp"&nbsp;-exec&nbsp;rm&nbsp;-rf&nbsp;{}&nbsp;';'</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >查找/tmp目录下所有以.tmp结尾的文件,找到后删除。因为有了-i参数,所以名字忽略大小写,.tmp,&nbsp;.TMP,&nbsp;.Tmp都匹配</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >find&nbsp;~/bin&nbsp;-type&nbsp;f&nbsp;|&nbsp;while&nbsp;read&nbsp;file</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >do</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;mv&nbsp;$file&nbsp;${file}.sh</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >done</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >查找~/bin&nbsp;目录下所有的文件,给它们都加上.sh的后缀名</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >十八:系统运行级别</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >系统的运行级别,是一种预定义的系统运行状态,一般来说,linux&nbsp;支持以下几种运行级别。下面关于各个运行级别的描述,只是指一般的配置,不同的发行版,甚至相同发行</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >版的不同版本,配置都不尽相同。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >0:关机</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >1:&nbsp;单用户模式</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >2:多用户模式,一般没有网络功能</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >3:多用户模式,通常有网络功能,没有图形界面,服务器基本上都是用这个级别</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >4:一般不使用</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >5:多用户模式,通常有网络功能,有图形界面</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >6:重启</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >init&nbsp;3&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;切换到运行级别3</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >init&nbsp;5&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;切换到运行级别5</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >runlevel&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;查询运行级别</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >who&nbsp;-r&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;查询运行级别</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >vi&nbsp;/etc/inittab</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >id:5:initdefault:&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;数字5代表默认的运行级别是5,如果改成3,则开机默认就进入级别3,没有图形界面</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >启动/关闭/重启/查询系统服务</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >service&nbsp;httpd&nbsp;start&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;启动httpd&nbsp;服务</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >service&nbsp;httpd&nbsp;stop&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;关闭httpd&nbsp;服务</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >service&nbsp;httpd&nbsp;restart&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;重启httpd&nbsp;服务</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >service&nbsp;httpd&nbsp;status&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;查询httpd&nbsp;服务的状态</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >同样可以直接调用下面的脚本实现相同的目的</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/etc/init.d/httpd&nbsp;start</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/etc/init.d/httpd&nbsp;stop</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/etc/init.d/httpd&nbsp;restart</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/etc/init.d/httpd&nbsp;status</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >以上控制服务的方法是临时生效的,如果希望某些服务开机就自动启动,或者开机不自动启动,可以用chkconfig来配置。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >chkconfig&nbsp;--list&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;---&nbsp;列出系统中所有服务的开机运行设置</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >chkconfig&nbsp;--level&nbsp;2345&nbsp;httpd&nbsp;on&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;---&nbsp;把httpd服务设为在运行级别2345&nbsp;中自动启动</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >chkconfig&nbsp;--level&nbsp;2345&nbsp;httpd&nbsp;off&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;---&nbsp;把httpd服务设为在运行级别2345&nbsp;中不自动启动</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >对于上面的chkconfig所做的事情,也可以用图形化的工具ntsysv来做</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >ntsysv&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;---&nbsp;配置当前的运行级别</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >ntsysv&nbsp;--level&nbsp;2345&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;---&nbsp;配置运行级别2345</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >十九:定时任务</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >当需要周期性地重复执行任务,或者需要在将来某个时间点执行某个任务时,可以使用定时任务系统中。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >在Linux下,定时任务用cron来实现。cron能按照精确到分钟的时间去执行命令,此外,通常还可以设定cron按照每小时,每天,每周,每月,每年的频率去执行任务。cron的&#62;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >定时任务,如果因为电脑关闭而无法在指定时间执行,开机之后是否会执行,取决于该任务定义在哪个配置文件中,如果是定义在/etc/anacrontab&nbsp;中,则会执行,否则就不执行。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >linux下定时任务的实现,是依靠一个后台运行的系统服务crond&nbsp;(就是一个后台进程而已),该服务每分钟检查一次,并执行符合条件的任务。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >service&nbsp;crond&nbsp;status</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/etc/init.d/crond&nbsp;status</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >运行man&nbsp;8&nbsp;cron&nbsp;查看cron的man文档,可以看到关于cron的行为的详细描述</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >crond检查定时任务的时候,会检查以下配置文件和目录:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/etc/anacrontab&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;---&nbsp;通常用来设定需要每天,每周,每月周期执行的任务</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;记录在这个文件中的任务,如果因为电脑关机而没有按时执行</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;会在系统重新启动后再次执行。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;该文件的配置语法可参照&nbsp;man&nbsp;anacrontab</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/etc/cron.d/&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;---&nbsp;是一个目录,里面通常存放用来设定除了以上每天/每周/每月之外的定时任务,</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;比如说每小时周期执行的任务,和其它任何定时任务。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;在这个目录中通常存放系统级别的定时任务</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;对于具体到某个用户的任务,一般不要放到这里。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/etc/crontab&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;---&nbsp;该文件的作用类似于目录/etc/cron.d/下面的一个文件</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/var/spool/cron/&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;---&nbsp;这个目录用来存放各个用户自己设定的定时任务</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;普通用户没有权限直接访问,必须通过crontab&nbsp;命令(setuid)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >设定定时任务的策略</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >1.&nbsp;如果任务的时间只精确到&nbsp;天/周/月,而且希望在系统重启之后,能把漏掉的任务补回来,则可以把任务的脚本文件放到/etc/cron.{daily,weekly,monthly}&nbsp;中,cron会根&#62;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >据/etc/anacrontab&nbsp;的配置去这三个目录中查找任务的脚本文件。2.&nbsp;如果任务的时间精确到&nbsp;小时,甚至分钟,则把任务的脚本文件放到/etc/cron.d/&nbsp;中。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >3.&nbsp;用户级别的任务没有选择的余地,只能用crontab命令来设置,设置结果会被放到/var/spool/cron/中。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >4.&nbsp;如果任务的时间需要精确到&nbsp;秒,则cron没有办法做得到,需要借助其他方法,比如说cron加上自定义的脚本。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >===&#62;&nbsp;设定系统级别的定时任务</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >方法:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >1.&nbsp;如果任务需要每天/周/月重复执行,而且希望在系统重启之后,能把漏掉的任务补回来,则为任务创建一个标准的shell脚本,赋予可执行权限,然后把它放到/etc/cron.{d</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >aily,weekly,monthly}&nbsp;三者中相应的那个里面。2.&nbsp;如果任务需要每小时重复执行,可以使用系统已经设置好的一个每小时定时任务框架,仿照第1点的操作方式,把脚本文件放到/etc/cron.hourly/&nbsp;下面</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >3.&nbsp;如果任务需每分钟重复执行,或者需要对时间做更细致的控制(比如:10月10号09点30分),则按下面步骤操作:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;3.1.&nbsp;在目录/etc/cron.d/&nbsp;中创建一个文件(可以直接复制该目录下原有的文件,再修改)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;3.2.&nbsp;在创建的文件中输入定时任务的条目,一个文件中可以写多个任务,一个任务一行,格式如下:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;.----------------&nbsp;分钟&nbsp;(0&nbsp;-&nbsp;59)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&#160;.-------------&nbsp;小时&nbsp;(0&nbsp;-&nbsp;23)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&#160;|&nbsp;&#160;.----------&nbsp;一个月中的某一天&nbsp;(1&nbsp;-&nbsp;31)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&#160;|&nbsp;&#160;|&nbsp;&#160;.-------&nbsp;月份&nbsp;(1&nbsp;-&nbsp;12)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&#160;|&nbsp;&#160;|&nbsp;&#160;|&nbsp;&#160;.----&nbsp;一周中的某一天&nbsp;(0&nbsp;-&nbsp;6)&nbsp;(0和7都表示周日)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&#160;|&nbsp;&#160;|&nbsp;&#160;|&nbsp;&#160;|</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&#160;*&nbsp;&#160;*&nbsp;&#160;*&nbsp;&#160;*&nbsp;user-name&nbsp;&#160;command&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;executed</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/etc/cron.d/中的文件的范例:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >SHELL=/bin/bash</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >MAILTO=root</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >HOME=/</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >*&nbsp;*&nbsp;*&nbsp;*&nbsp;*&nbsp;root&nbsp;echo&nbsp;"Good&nbsp;morning&nbsp;$(date)"&nbsp;&#62;&#62;&nbsp;/tmp/root.log</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >1&nbsp;23&nbsp;*&nbsp;*&nbsp;*&nbsp;czl&nbsp;id&nbsp;&#62;&nbsp;/tmp/czl.log</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >上面的范例中定义了两个定时任务:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >1.&nbsp;每分钟用root的身份运行命令echo&nbsp;"Good&nbsp;morning&nbsp;$(date)"&nbsp;&#62;&#62;&nbsp;/tmp/root.log</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >1.&nbsp;每分钟用czl的身份运行命令&nbsp;id&nbsp;&#62;&nbsp;/tmp/czl.log</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >任务描述中,时间的表示方法有以下的几种(拿分钟那一栏来举例,其它的都相同):</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >1.&nbsp;指定一个具体的数字,比如&nbsp;3&nbsp;&#160;代表第3分钟,10:03,&nbsp;11:03,&nbsp;09:03&nbsp;都符合</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >2.&nbsp;指定一个范围,比如&nbsp;5-10&nbsp;&#160;代表第5至第10分钟,10:05,&nbsp;10:06,&nbsp;11:06,&nbsp;09:10&nbsp;都符合</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >3.&nbsp;指定一个表达式,比如&nbsp;*/3&nbsp;&#160;代表分钟数能被3整除时才符合,10:00,&nbsp;10:03,&nbsp;11:06,&nbsp;09:27&nbsp;都符合</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >4.&nbsp;结合以上三种,用逗号分隔,比如&nbsp;3-5,7,15,*/20&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;10:04,&nbsp;10:07,&nbsp;10:15,&nbsp;10:20,&nbsp;10:40&nbsp;都符合</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >===&#62;&nbsp;设定用户级别的定时任务</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >格式:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >特别注意,用户级别的任务定义当中,没有用户名那一栏,如果像定义系统级别的命令那样,输入用户名,crontab编辑器不会提示格式错误,但是任务不会得到正确的执行。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >.----------------&nbsp;分钟&nbsp;(0&nbsp;-&nbsp;59)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >|&nbsp;&#160;.-------------&nbsp;小时&nbsp;(0&nbsp;-&nbsp;23)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >|&nbsp;&#160;|&nbsp;&#160;.----------&nbsp;一个月中的某一天&nbsp;(1&nbsp;-&nbsp;31)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >|&nbsp;&#160;|&nbsp;&#160;|&nbsp;&#160;.-------&nbsp;月份&nbsp;(1&nbsp;-&nbsp;12)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >|&nbsp;&#160;|&nbsp;&#160;|&nbsp;&#160;|&nbsp;&#160;.----&nbsp;一周中的某一天&nbsp;(0&nbsp;-&nbsp;6)&nbsp;(0和7都表示周日)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >|&nbsp;&#160;|&nbsp;&#160;|&nbsp;&#160;|&nbsp;&#160;|</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >*&nbsp;&#160;*&nbsp;&#160;*&nbsp;&#160;*&nbsp;&#160;*&nbsp;command&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;executed</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >普通用户编辑自己的定时任务</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >crontab&nbsp;-e&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;---&nbsp;编辑当前用户自己的定时任务(使用环境变量EDITOR指定的默认编辑器)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >crontab&nbsp;-l&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;---&nbsp;列出当前用户自己所有的定时任务</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >crontab&nbsp;-r&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;---&nbsp;删除当前用户自己所有的定时任务</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >作为管理员,root可以设定/调整所有用户的定时任务,命令和上面类似,只是增加了一个-u&nbsp;&#60;username&#62;&nbsp;的参数</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >crontab&nbsp;-e&nbsp;-u&nbsp;czl&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;---&nbsp;编辑指定用户的定时任务(使用环境变量EDITOR指定的默认编辑器)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >crontab&nbsp;-l&nbsp;-u&nbsp;czl&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;---&nbsp;列出指定用户所有的定时任务</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >crontab&nbsp;-r&nbsp;-u&nbsp;czl&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;---&nbsp;删除指定用户所有的定时任务</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >run-parts</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >cron用这个工具来执行某个目录下所有的可执行脚本,定时任务中的每小时/每天/每周/每月任务就是通过这个工具来触发的。使用方法可以参照cron的配置文件/etc/anacront</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >ab,很简单,命令后面加一个目录名字就可以了,记得目录中的脚本必须可执行。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >20:系统日志</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >系统日志用来记录系统上的各种活动的信息,包括用户登入登出,系统开机关机,客户端访问web,ftp,端口扫描,等等。这些日志可供管理员分析,以帮助排查系统故障,或</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >者发现潜在的问题,等等。常见的几个日志文件:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/var/log/secure&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;ssh,&nbsp;ftp,&nbsp;telnet,&nbsp;pop3,&nbsp;pam等有关</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/var/log/dmesg&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;开机时核心检测过程中所产生的信息</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/var/log/cron&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;和定时任务有关的日志</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/var/log/wtmp&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;记录用户登录信息,二进制日志,需要用last查看</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/var/log/btmp&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;记录失败的用户登录信息,二进制日志,需要用lastb查看</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/var/log/lastlog&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;记录用户最后一次登录的信息,二进制日志,需要用lastlog查看</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/var/log/boot.log&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;开机过程的日志,也包含某些服务的启动日志</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/var/log/maillog&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;mail相关</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/var/log/acpid&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;高级电源管理</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >/var/log/messages&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;非常重要的日志文件,几乎所有的系统重要错误都会记录在这里</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >Linux上的日志系统是一个系统服务,其他进程把日志信息发给日志服务,日志服务根据进程发来的数据的特征(服务名,级别)结合日志系统自身的配置,把信息写入相应的&#62;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >文件中,或者做其它的处理。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >日志系统提供了以下服务(facility)&nbsp;可供使用</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >auth</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >authpriv&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;和权限,登录相关的信息</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >cron&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;定时任务会使用这个</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >daemon</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >kern&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;内核信息,用户进程无法使用这个服务</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >lpr</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >mail&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;邮件系统会使用这个</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >mark</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >news</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >syslog</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >user</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >uucp</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >local0&nbsp;到&nbsp;local7</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >日志信息分为以下级别,从上到下级别依次降低</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >none&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;none&nbsp;不算是一个等级,它表示不记录服务的所有信息</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >emerg&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;系统不可用</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >alert&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;需要马上处理</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >crit&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;非常严重的状况</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >err&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;出错</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >warning&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;警告</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >notice&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;普通但很重要的信息</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >info&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#60;--&nbsp;普通信息</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >debug&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;&#160;&#60;--&nbsp;调试信息</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=p  style="margin-top:3.7500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:3.7500pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >21:ldconfig</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=p  style="margin-top:3.7500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:3.7500pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >ldconfig几个需要注意的地方&#160;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><br></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >1.&#160;往/lib和/usr/lib里面加东西,是不用修改/etc/ld.so.conf的,但是完了之后要调一下ldconfig,不然这个library会找不到&#160;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><br></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >2.&#160;想往上面两个目录以外加东西的时候,一定要修改/etc/ld.so.conf,然后再调用ldconfig,不然也会找不到&#160;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><br></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >比如安装了一个mysql到/usr/local/mysql,mysql有一大堆library在/usr/local/mysql/lib下面,这时&#160;就需要在/etc/ld.so.conf下面加一行/usr/local/mysql/lib,保存过后ldconfig一下,新的library才能在&#160;程序运行时被找到。&#160;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><br></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >3.&#160;如果想在这两个目录以外放lib,但是又不想在/etc/ld.so.conf中加东西(或者是没有权限加东西)。那也可以,就是export一个全局变&#160;量LD_LIBRARY_PATH,然后运行程序的时候就会去这个目录中找library。一般来讲这只是一种临时的解决方案,在没有权限或临时需要的时&#160;候使用。&#160;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><br></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >4.&#160;ldconfig做的这些东西都与运行程序时有关,跟编译时一点关系都没有。编译的时候还是该加-L就得加,不要混淆了。&#160;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><br></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >5.&#160;总之,就是不管做了什么关于library的变动后,最好都ldconfig一下,不然会出现一些意想不到的结果。不会花太多的时间,但是会省很多的事。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=p  style="margin-top:3.7500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:3.7500pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=p  style="margin-top:3.7500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:3.7500pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >&#160;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=p  style="margin-top:3.7500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:3.7500pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:bold;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >22:ldd</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=p  style="margin-top:3.7500pt;margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-bottom:3.7500pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >作用:用来查看程序运行所需的共享库,常用来解决程序因缺少某个库文件而不能运行的一些问题。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><br></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >ldd命令原理(摘自网络)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><br></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >1、首先ldd不是一个可执行程序,而只是一个shell脚本</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><br></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >2、ldd能够显示可执行模块的dependency,其原理是通过设置一系列的环境变量,如下:LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS、</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><br></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >LD_WARN、LD_BIND_NOW、LD_LIBRARY_VERSION、LD_VERBOSE等。当</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><br></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS环境变量不为空时,任何可执行程序在运行时,它都会只显示模块的dependency,而程序并不真正执行。要不你可以在shell终端测试一下,如下:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><br></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >(1)&#160;export&#160;LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS=1</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><br></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >(2)&#160;再执行任何的程序,如ls等,看看程序的运行结果</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><br></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >3、ldd显示可执行模块的dependency的工作原理,其实质是通过ld-linux.so(elf动态库的装载器)来实现的。我们知道,ld-</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><br></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >linux.so模块会先于executable模块程序工作,并获得控制权,因此当上述的那些环境变量被设置时,ld-linux.so选择了显示可执</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><br></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >行模块的dependency。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><br></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" >4、实际上可以直接执行ld-linux.so模块,如:/lib/ld-linux.so.2&#160;--list&#160;program(这相当于ldd&#160;program)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal  style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;text-align:left;" ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:微软雅黑;color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:0.0000pt;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-style:normal;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal ><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" ><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p></div><!--EndFragment--></body></html> 
wiki/bounties.1452863851.txt.gz · Last modified: 2016-01-15 14:17 by 119.136.63.86

Except where otherwise noted, content on this wiki is licensed under the following license: CC Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
CC Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International Donate Powered by PHP Valid HTML5 Valid CSS Driven by DokuWiki