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tips:styling-headers [2009-02-05 02:28] ryan.chappelletips:styling-headers [2017-05-08 21:52] 64.223.211.18
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 +====== Using CSS to Style Headers. ======
 +
 +//This work **in progress** is a contribution originated from discussion in the Forum Thread [[http://forum.dokuwiki.org/thread/3207|Use of small images in the section headers]].//
 +
 +One of the limitations((as :!: discussed [[faq:headerlinks|here]] and in the mailing lists)) of the DokuWiki software is the inability to use formatting style and links inside headings (titles). In other words, the following is not possible:
 +
 +<code>
 +==== {{:images:icon.png}} MyHeading ====
 +</code>
 +
 +Which renders as:
 +==== {{:images:icon.png}} MyHeading ====
 +
 +However, this does not mean that headers can not be stylized. As any other element in a wikipage, headers are affected by the styles defined in, preferably, and among other files, ''conf/userstyle.css''. So it is possible to use even very basic CSS rules to add some style to headers.
 +
 +Headers can be stylized with normal CSS tags as follows:
 +<code css>
 +h1 {
 +  font-family: fantasy;
 +  font-variant: italic;
 +  }
 +</code>
 +
 +Which, on my particular installation, has the following effect:
 +
 +| {{http://informatica.temuco.udelmar.cl/~lmachuca/files/dokuwiki/dw-headercss-case00.png}} |
 +
 +
 +But the key to efficiently customize the headers is to remember these three simple rules:
 +  - Every header is a (direct) child of ''div.page''((the class name can change depending on template)).
 +  - Every header, except the first, is preceded with a ''div''.
 +  - An ''a'' tag inside the header is the __real__ container of the header text.
 +
 +With this simple knowledge, one can do some nice stuff to their headers.
 +
 +Here some examples, as well as pictures displaying the effect, will be provided:
 +
 +:!:**Note**: these examples are intended for //decent// web browsers, at least. The testsuite is comprised of __Opera 9.6__ and __Firefox 3.0__. These enhacements were not tested in Internet Explorer (and, if they were, most probably they would fail). And the pictures were taken from the __default template__ and rendering by Opera 9.6.
 +
 +It is recommended that one reloads from server (via ''?purge=true'', for example) to see the results.
 +
 +===== Case 1: A simple modification of the text style =====
 +
 +This example is very simple. We will apply "small-caps" to all our ''h2'' headings.
 +
 +To do this, let's paste the following at the end of our ''conf/userstyle.css'':
 +<code css>
 +h2{
 +  font-variant: small-caps;
 +  }
 +</code>
 +
 +Reload and marvel before the results:
 +
 +| {{http://informatica.temuco.udelmar.cl/~lmachuca/files/dokuwiki/dw-headercss-case1a.png}} | 
 +
 +===== Case 2: Borders and backgrounds =====
 +
 +This example is a bit more complicated. Paste the following into the ''conf/userstyle.css'':
 +<code css>
 +h2 {
 +  margin: 2px;
 +  padding: 2em;
 +  border: 2px solid __text_alt__;
 +  }
 +
 +</code>
 +
 +The result is as follows:
 +
 +| {{http://informatica.temuco.udelmar.cl/~lmachuca/files/dokuwiki/dw-headercss-case2a.png}} | 
 +
 +Here you can see that, despite the fact that we have specified a __padding__, the text appears very close to the border. The reason for that lies in both the CSS box model and the DokuWiki rendering rules. Besides, there's about //one em// of extra height //above// the  text. This is caused by the ''<a>'' tag placed inside the header. 
 +
 +Watch the effects of the following modification:
 +
 +<code css>
 +h2 {
 +  margin: 2px;
 +  padding: 2em !important;
 +  border: 2px solid __text_alt__;
 +  }
 +</code>
 +
 +The **''!important''** modification is necessary because the headers are already being stylized by the ''style.css'' corresponding to the template. The "!important" modificator indicates to the browser that this style takes precedence over a style that is usually overriden by the presence of children elements, of which we have none((the ''<a>'' is an inline element, thus any padding or size setting is ignored as per CSS)).
 +
 +| {{http://informatica.temuco.udelmar.cl/~lmachuca/files/dokuwiki/dw-headercss-case2b.png}} |
 +
 +So, bottom line, if you want to do anything with the //size// or //shape// of your headers, you must add the "''!important''" modificator to the corresponding rules.
 +
 +
 +===== Case 3: Adding a small icon before the heading =====
 +
 +A more advanced case would be to add a small icon to the left of our headers, just like what is one with [[:interwiki]] links. For this, we need more advanced CSS rules: in particular, we need __CSS Selectors__.
 +
 +Paste the following into the ''conf/userstyle.css'':
 +<code css>
 +h2:before {
 +  content: url(http://informatica.temuco.udelmar.cl/~lmachuca/files/doku.gif);
 +  }
 +</code>
 +
 +| {{http://informatica.temuco.udelmar.cl/~lmachuca/files/dokuwiki/dw-headercss-case3a.png}} |
 +
 +Again, reload from server to see the results. See how simple it is to __add a icon to a header__?
 +
 +To add the same icon to a group of headers, one would need to indicate the '':before'' selector for all of them:
 +<code css>
 +h2:before, h3:before, h4:before {
 +</code>
 +
 +Of course, if you want a text symbol (like, a discus or something, just like __lists__) instead of an image, one can still do that:
 +<code css>
 +h2:before {
 +  content: '\26a0\00a0';
 +  }
 +</code>
 +
 +| {{http://informatica.temuco.udelmar.cl/~lmachuca/files/dokuwiki/dw-headercss-case3b.png}} |
 +
 +The ''content'' is added using the Unicode values for the symbols. You can check a list of symbols, as well as their availability for web rendering in your system, at [[http://allanwood.net/|Allan Wood's Page]]. The ''\00a0'' is actually a //nonbreaking space// (the ''&nbsp;'' entity) and is being used to prevent the "warning" symbol from being too close to the text.
 +
 +==== The solution for all browsers ====
 +
 +The above solution won't work for "old-fashioned" browsers. Here is the variant that will also work in IE6 + IE7:
 +
 +<code css>
 +h2 {
 +  background: url(http://informatica.temuco.udelmar.cl/~lmachuca/files/doku.gif) no-repeat left center;
 +  padding-left: 20px;
 +}
 +</code>
 +
 +
 +===== Case 4: Styling a header with respect to the preceding content =====
 +
 +//To be done//
 +
 +{{http://informatica.temuco.udelmar.cl/~lmachuca/files/dokuwiki/dw-headercss-case4a.png}}
 +
 +===== Case 5: Styling a header depending on key terms =====
 +
 +//To be done//
 +
 +{{http://informatica.temuco.udelmar.cl/~lmachuca/files/dokuwiki/dw-headercss-case5a.png  }}
 +
 +====== See also ======
 +  * [[faq:headerlinks]]
 +  * [[tips:code_css]]
 +
  
tips/styling-headers.txt · Last modified: 2023-05-03 01:06 by 77.11.72.113

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